Chicago Booth European Conference 2010

10 05 2010

The European Business Group (EBG) hosted on last Monday, April 12th, its first European Conference, that gathered some of the most outstanding European and North American leaders of the political and corporate world under the theme “Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for EU/US business”.

One of the guest of honor at the conference was Mr. Jose Maria Aznar, former Prime Minister of Spain, who opened the event with a speech about the importance of transatlantic relations for the future of Europe. Mr. Aznar lamented that the current US administration is giving lower importance to this relation with Europe in favor of other regions of the world, in particular Asia and Middle East. Mr. Aznar also placed special emphasis on the necessity of creating a free market without transatlantic trade barriers and do not fall into the old temptation of protectionism as a response to the current economic crisis. Mr. Aznar explained that the liberalization of the transatlantic market regarding services, capital and knowledge is necessary to improve the competitiveness of the European Union. According to Mr. Aznar, these political and economic reforms must be accompanied by a strong commitment to the defense of freedom against the threat of totalitarianism, global terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. In this sense, NATO must take a leading role in the fight against terrorism.

The conference then hosted three panel discussions and a lunch keynote. The topic of the first panel discussion of the conference, Messrs. Alessandro Motta, Martin Rouine, Javier Ruperez and Dirk Willen Schiff, respectively Consul Generals of Italy, Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands in Chicago, discussed about the particular features of the economies of their countries, and identified the major weaknesses of the EU’s lack of a genuine common fiscal and economic policy.

The next panel focused on Innovation and Competitiveness, included representatives from the Case New Holland / Fiat Group, DSM Desotech, NAVTEQ, Aviva North America and the EU Delegation to the US. After the panel, Mr. Abe Tomas Hughes, Vice President Director of Business Development  of Case New Holland / Fiat Group for the Americas made a keynote speech about  “International Business and the
MBA – A Hands-On Perspective”.

The third panel addressed the Future of Transatlantic Finance, where executives of Deutsche bank, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and JP Morgan Securities, Inc. made a thorough analysis of the current financial panorama in Europe and the US.

Mr. Yiannos Papantoniou, former Minister for National Economy and Finance of Greece, was in charge of closing the conference with a speech and a round of questions about the Euro Crisis. According to Mr. Papantoniou, “The absence of a central supervisory authority for the financial system has created doubts as to the ability of the weaker member-countries to bail out their banks. Credit risks spread sharply so that over-indebted countries such as Greece started to borrow at much higher interest rates in relation to Germany. This tendency, reinforced by negative ratings by international agencies, may lead to credit crises, even to default. The Greek crisis has highlighted the fact that the euro is a monetary union but not a political union. It does possess a central bank, but not a Treasury. The central bank can provide liquidity in times of crisis, though only a Treasury can address problems of solvency.”

Finally Mr. Papantoniou highlighted that the Euro Crisis does also represent an opportunity for a leap forward in the integration process. “Difficult as it may seem today, unification should proceed to higher levels so that Europe attains a stronger position in the international system”, Mr. Papantoniou said.

For the European Business Group, the organization of Chicago Booth European Conference 2010 required a considerable amount of time and efforts. Organizing the first European Business Conference has been a challenge, and we would like to thank all the speakers, our sponsors; The Case New Holland / Fiat Group, Deutsche Bank and DSM, the professors, volunteers and participants for helping us to make it happened.  It is the wish of all of us to see this conference become better every year, and that’s why we have already started to work on the next year edition. There are still many challenges and opportunities for EU/US businesses to explore, and we look forward to meeting you again next year!

The European Business Group:

More information:





Chicago Booth European Conference 2010: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for EU/US Business

4 03 2010

European Conference 2010Chicago Booth European Business Group is organizing Chicago Booth’s first European Conference, scheduled for April 12, 2010 at Harper Centre in Chicago. The theme of the conference is “Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities for EU/US Business” and we are very excited to announce the attendance of Mr. José María Aznar López, former Prime Minister of Spain, as the keynote speaker.

The purpose of this conference is to strengthen the links between Europe and Booth at multiple levels. At the student level, this conference will increase the awareness of Europe in the Booth diverse student community. At the same time, since we are planning to invite professors, the European and non European faculty will have the opportunity to talk about Europe related issues. From the career perspective, it is our objective to reinforce the commitment of Booth to careers in Europe through this conference, and ideally establish new relationships with European companies present in the US that currently don’t recruit at Booth. Finally but not less importantly, we want to use the organization of this conference as a tool to reinforce the relationships between Booth European Alumni and the current students.





Conferencia de estudiantes españoles de MBA en EEUU- MBA Internacional 2010 (II)

4 03 2010

Muchos de vosotros nos habéis estado pidiendo una agenda más detallada de la Conferencia para poder organizar mejor vuestros respectivos viajes. Todavía estamos acabando de definir algunas de las actividades por lo que esta agenda es tentativa, pero se debería parecer bastante a lo que será el fin de semana:

La cena con Aznar (que es lo que la mayoría no se quiere perder) está programada que empiece el domingo a las 7:30pm. Aznar dará una pequeña charla sobre las 8:00pm y luego podremos disfrutar de una cena con él. El formato de la cena se está acabando de determinar todavía así que no os podemos ofrecer mucho detalle al respecto pero durara hasta las 22h aproximadamente. Sabemos que algunos de vosotros tendréis que iros antes hacia el aeropuerto por lo que estamos viendo la posibilidad de hacer un formato de cena más informal.

La conferencia del European Business Group tendrá lugar en Chicago Booth el lunes 12 de abril de 9:00 – 16:00 aproximadamente.  Se está terminando de cerrar el programa y os podremos dar información más detallada la semana que viene. En cuanto tengamos más información os la haremos llegar. Aznar será el primer ponente de la jornada y hablará de 9:00-10:00.

Como siempre, no dudéis en poneros en contacto con nosotros si tenéis cualquier duda, pregunta o sugerencia.

Os esperamos en Chicago!

Un saludo,





Conferencia MBA Internacional 2010 – 10 y 11 de abril – CHICAGO

25 02 2010

Queridos estudiantes españoles de MBA en EEUU,

Empieza la cuenta atrás…quedan 45 días para la conferencia MBA Internacional 2010!

Para los que andéis un poco despistados, MBA Internacional es una asociación de alumnos españoles de MBA (http://www.mbainternacional-es.org/). Durante los últimos años, se ha organizado una conferencia anual para reunir a todos los MBAs españoles que están en Estados Unidos. Una especie de evento de “networking” a la española. Este año somos más de 100 españoles repartidos entre las mejores escuelas de negocio de la geografía americana.

El fin de semana del 10 y 11 de Abril 2010 nos reunimos todos en Chicago!

El Comité Organizador -un grupo de estudiantes de Chicago Booth y Kellogg- estamos trabajando desde hace tiempo para que este evento sea un éxito!

Suponemos que tendréis preguntas… Vamos a intentar adelantarnos y contestar a las siguientes:

1. Para qué sirve esta conferencia?

2. Que actividades hay planeadas para el fin de semana?

3. Quien se ocupa del transporte y el alojamiento?

4. Puedo venir con mi pareja?

5. Cuando hay que confirmar la participación?

Ahí vamos…

1. Para qué sirve esta conferencia?

Pues básicamente para lo que quieras; para ampliar tu red de contactos, para compartir planes/ideas de negocio, para conectar con otros españoles con tus mismas inquietudes, para hacer nuevos amigos, para pasártelo bien, para hacer turismo en Chicago, para poder decir que has cenado con Jose Maria Aznar…

2. Que actividades hay planeadas para el fin de semana?

El Kick-off “oficial” del evento será el sábado con una comida con el cónsul de España en Chicago. Para los que tengáis previsto llegar antes, hay actividades planeadas también para el viernes.

La idea de los Treks Turísticos es visitar distintos puntos de interés de la ciudad de Chicago con un grupo de gente que comparta tus intereses (en industria: finanzas, energía, gran consumo, tecnología, etc. y/o función: consultoría, banca, entrepreneurship, etc.).

Programa de la conferencia

Como clausura del evento, tendremos la oportunidad de cenar con el ex presidente del gobierno español, don Jose Maria Aznar. Al día siguiente, Aznar dará una charla en Chicago Booth en el marco de la “European Conference 2010” a la cual estáis invitados a asistir.

Ese fin de semana además juega el Barça-Madrid. No dudéis que montaremos una buena para verlo!!

3. Quien se ocupa de los billetes de avión y el alojamiento?

Esto corre a cargo vuestro. Para los vuelos, recomendamos que lleguéis a Chicago el viernes por la tarde/noche o el sábado por la mañana y que volváis el domingo por la noche o el lunes por la tarde (si queréis asistir a la conferencia del European Business Group de Chicago Booth).

Hay dos aeropuertos en Chicago – O’hare y Midway – y los dos tienen línea de metro que te lleva directamente al centro de la ciudad por menos de $3.

En cuanto al alojamiento, hay muchísimas opciones en Chicago! Nuestra recomendación es que os quedéis Downtown que será lo más práctico para llegar a todos los eventos. Para ayudaros, estamos componiendo una lista de hoteles y apartamentos que os puede ser útil. En cuanto lo tengamos listo os lo haremos llegar.

4. Puedo venir con mi pareja?

Por supuesto, pero solo si es española! (Es broma!)

Sí, las parejas están invitadas a participar en todos los eventos que tendrán lugar durante el fin de semana.

5. Cuándo hay que confirmar la participación?

Cuanto más pronto, mejor! Pero sobre todo antes del viernes 5 de marzo! Para poder cerrar reservas necesitamos saber el número exacto de gente que va a participar en el evento.

También hemos creado el evento en Facebook donde iremos colgando información sobre el evento. Uniros!

Esperamos que con esto tengáis una idea más clara del evento y de porque NO OS LO QUEREIS PERDER! Más información la semana que viene!

Si tenéis cualquier pregunta o sugerencia, no dudéis en poneros en contacto con nosotros. Esperamos veros a tod@s en Abril en Chicago!

Saludos,

El equipo organizador






Chicago Booth European Business Group

24 02 2010

Europe
The European Business Group is a 200+ member student group at Chicago Booth dedicated to promoting cultural and professional exchange with Europe. While our members come from diverse backgrounds, we are unified by a common cultural and professional interest in the countries of Europe.

EBG’s goals for the 2010-2011 school year include:

  • Fostering a sense of European community within Chicago Booth, through social and cultural events;
  • Supporting students in the pursuit of internships and full-time job opportunities in Europe, through activities such as resume reviews, mock interviews, Eurotrek and London Banking Days;
  • Providing guidance to prospective students from Europe; and
  • Engaging corporate recruiters and alumni groups from throughout Europe.

The European Business Group is organizing the Chicago Booth European Conference 2010 on April 12th 2010, in which the former president of Spain, Mr. José María Aznar, will be the keynote speaker.





Presentaciones del MBA de Chicago Booth en Madrid y en Barcelona

14 12 2009
Presentaciones del MBA de Chicago Booth en Madrid y en Barcelona

Presentaciones del MBA de Chicago Booth en Madrid y en Barcelona

Estimado amigo/a,

University of Chicago Booth School of Business te invita cordialmente a las presentaciones de su MBA en Madrid y en Barcelona.

  • Aprende lo que diferencia a Chicago Booth de otros top MBAs en el mundo.
  • Descubre sus numerosas posibilidades académicas y profesionales.
  • Conoce estudiantes actuales y antiguos alumnos: sus experiencias, sus ideales, sus personalidades.
  • Despeja todas tus dudas sobre el proceso de solicitud.

Te esperamos:

  • el 23 de diciembre a las 19:00 en la oficina de McKinsey & Company, Sagasta 33, Madrid. Regístrate aquí.
  • o bien, el 22 de diciembre a las 19:30 en la oficina de Técnicas Lingüísticas Avanzadas, Vía Augusta 117, Barcelona. Regístrate aquí.

Un abrazo,

La comunidad española en Chicago Booth





Financial Reforms and the Millenium Bridge

12 11 2009

The lecture given by Professor Sapra about the counterproductive aspects of some of the accouting measures US legislators are considering in order to strengthen the financial sector has been one of the best I have ever had in my whole life.

According to Professor Sapra:

  • Increasing the reporting frequency is an incentive for managers to focus in the short-term and neglect long-run growth, which is bad for the economy
  • Using fair market values in finacial statements will increase volatility in financial reports, companies will react more to the actions of other companies than to the fair value of fundamentals.
    • Analogy: The Millenium Bridge in London was built in with a special suspension design that allowed the bridge to react to vibrations, like the steps of people. The problem was that people tend to walk at the same pace, especially if there are many people and the bridge is vibrating. As a result of people moving at the same time, the bridge enters oscillates too much. The Millenium Bridge was closed for 18 months after its opening to change the suspension system.

    The comparison with the Millenium Bridge Professor Sapra made, together with the clarity of his explanations and his sense of humor, made this lecture so great and memorable.





    What do we really know about the spread of AIDS?

    11 11 2009

    Professor Oster is my teacher of micro-economics at Chicago Booth.

    I would like to talk about her absolutely amazing presentation at TED. Professor Oster rebates many of the believes that are commonly accepted about AIDS in Africa:

    1. 25 Million people infected with AIDS in Africa
    2. If we decrease poverty, we will decrease AIDS
    3. African countries should follow the example of Uganda to combat AIDS. Uganda’s AIDS policy is based on education

    What is really amazing and innovative about Professor Oster is that she is using economics to decipher a problem that is usually part of epidemiology or public health.





    Unrestricted Work Authorization in the US

    9 11 2009
    Green Card in the US

    Green Card in the US

    One of the biggest challenges for international MBA students in the US is landing into a full-time position in a company willing to sponsor their working visa.

    Unfortunately, the number of companies willing to sponsor international candidates is very small (except in consulting).

    The Myths

    1) Visa sponsorship involves additional costs.

    FALSE. This is only around 5000 USD, which is much less than the salary they will pay you (hopefully!)

    2) It is difficult to justify that you hire a foreigner because the required skills cannot be found in the US.

    FALSE. It depends on how specific you are about skills in the visa application. You cannot just justify it based on the requirement to have an MBA degree and experience in industry A, because there are thousands of American falling in that description. But you are much more credible if you say you need somebody with experience developing operations strategy in industry A in country B, with experience dealing with senior management and leading multi-cultural teams, with intra-preneurial experience, fluent in language A and language B, with contacts in industry C, with a diploma thesis in field D… Not surprisingly, the way you write the Visa application influences the result.

    The Reason

    The main reason why companies choose not to sponsor is because the US Government can refuse a visa application without any explanation. The extension of a previously awarded visa can also be refused without any explanation. Companies do not like taking this risk. Only companies with the resources to lobby the government adequately are comfortable with this risk. The real problem is that the Government is not reliable regarding visa applications.

    On top of that, the TARP program (Troubled Asset Release Program) of the US government makes things even more difficult for international MBA students, especially those interested in Banking. The TARP program is a US government initiative to address the subprime mortgage crisis and strengthen its financial sector. TARP states that companies receiving funds under TARP cannot sponsor an international student if they make an American worker redundant.

    The Long Term Implications

    If you look at American history, this country is currently the number one in the world because it has traditionally sourced talent from anywhere in the world. If this practice stops now, this will no longer be the US in 50 years. It will just be a second range country somewhere in the North of the Gulf of Mexico.

    Additional Resources: TARP

    Read this interesting  article from scholarship for USA about the impact of TARP program  on job opportunities for international students.





    What is Chicago Booth all about?

    2 09 2009
    Edward A. Snyder, Dean of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business

    Edward A. Snyder, Dean of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business

    I had a great time yesterday discussing with Professor Edward A. Snyder, dean of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, who came to meet incoming students yesterday after our pre-MBA accounting class.

    Dean Snyder, told to us about what is special about Chicago Booth. I totally agree with him. Chicago Booth – he said – is all about challenging ideas, even our own ideas. This is the only way progress can be done. Challenging ideas is generating, analyzing, comparing, discussing ideas, criticizing and questioning ideas politely, and as a result, refining ideas and creating progress for the world. Chicago Booth students usually challenge professors ideas. They even the dean’s ideas in a polite way - said Dean Snyder . This is something that only happens in Chicago.

    For me, this is not being theoretical. This is being intellectual. This changes the world. And this is the reason why I chose Chicago Booth. Because I am somebody who likes challenging the status-quo politely and wants to pursue a career doing exactly this in a management position resulting in better practices for business and society.

    Furthermore, he also talked about his objectives for Chicago Booth, the most important of which is leading a revolution in marketing, in the same way Chicago already lead a revolution in finance in the past by challenging the previously established financial theories. Most modern financial theories come from the school and have resulted in 6 nobel prizes at the School (82 in total at the University of Chicago).

    It is not by chance that Chicago Booth slogan is “Challenge Everything”.

    Image: the image belongs to Chicago Booth.





    Volver a España: ¡Qué miedo!

    20 08 2009
    Mileurismo

    Mileurismo

    Muchos de los estudiantes españoles en cursos de postgrado en Estados Unidos, incluyendo MBAs y becarios de instituciones como La Caixa, nos planteamos o nos hemos planteado alguna vez la posibilidad de volver a España.

    Pero… ¡Qué miedo nos da!

    Sólo pensar que en España vamos a ganar una fracción de lo que podríamos ganar en EEUU, en China o en Europa… se nos pone la piel de gallina.

    El modelo competitivo de España ha sido reducir costes en vez de mejorar la productividad o la calidad. Esta ha sido la estrategia. Y el resultado ha sido el mileurismo y la fuga de de talentos, que tienen miedo a volver.

    El mileurismo es un freno al desarrollo de España.





    China Telecommunications Panorama

    12 08 2009
    Image from Casa Asia

    Image from Casa Asia

    This article, which I wrote in 2004 and updated in 2006, describes in a simpel and accurate way the telecommunications market in China. The current situation is a bit different regarding the Internet market and the “Xiaolingtong” services, which has practically disappeared, but the regulatory environment has not changed significantly. The Spanish version of this article was published on Casa Asia.

    Abstract

    This paper gives an overview on the telecom industry in China including Hong Kong, the British ex-colony.
    China became in 2002 the world’s single largest telecom market. Understanding the complex and multifaceted internal mechanisms of the fast-changing and extremely competitive Chinese telecom scenario is essential for a foreign investor to succeed.

    The former public monopoly has given way to an initial state-run competition: China Telecom and China Netcom in the fixed-line business, China Mobile and China Unicom in the mobile sector, as well as two minor players, China Satcom and China Railcom.

    As a result of China’s entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, a new regulatory regime is being established and foreign operators are gradually allowed to access the market.

    After the last explosive-growth years, the main market trend is the stabilization of the growth rate.

    1. INTRODUCTION

    The Chinese telecommunication sector’s growth rate was about 20% between 1997 and 2002. This is the double of China’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) rate [1] and is the strongest and fastest growth in world in this line of industry [2].

    China fixed-line and mobile operators have invested an average of 25 billion American dollars [1] on network infrastructure in the last years, more than all western European carriers together [3]. As a result, with 1.3 billion citizens, China owns the world’s largest fixed-line and mobile network in terms of both network capacity and number of subscribers [4].

    Only one out of ten Chinese citizens had a phone five years ago. Today more than one out of three have a fixed telephone subscription and more than 1.25 million cellular subscribers sign up in China every week. In five years, there will be more than 950 million fixed and mobile subscriptions, three times more than the entire population of the United States (US) [3].

    China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11th 2001 resulted in the gradual opening of the telecom services market to foreign companies. Besides, Beijing’s hosting of the 2008 Olympic Games and Shanghai’s 2010 Universal Exposition will create great business opportunities for both Chinese and foreign companies [4].

    2. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

    Before 1994, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MTP) provided telecom services through its operational arm, China Telecom. Pressured by other ministries and dissenting customers, the Chinese government officially started the telecom industry reforms in 1994 by introducing a new competitor: China Unicom. However China Unicom could hardly compete with the giant China Telecom [5].

    In 1998, due to a ministerial reorganization, the MTP was replaced by the new Ministry of Information Industry (MII). The MII took two large scale reshuffling actions targeting the inefficient state-monopoly. In 1999 the first restructuring split China Telecom’s business into three parts (fixed-line, mobile and satellite). China Mobile and China Satcom were created to run, respectively, the mobile and satellite sectors but China Telecom continued to be a monopoly of fixed-line services. The second restructuring in 2002 split China Telecom geographically into North and South: China Telecom – North kept 30% of the network resources and formed China Netcom (CNC) and 70 % of the resources were retained by China Telecom – South or simply the new China Telecom [5].

    These resources consisted of a 2.200.000 km. long [6] nation-wide optical network, based on ATM  (AsynchronousTransfer Mode), SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) technologies, [3] and several submarine cables, in particular with the US,  Japan, Germany and Russia.

    Parallel to this double fission, the telecommunications division of the Ministry of Railways (MOR) established a new actor in 2000: China Railcom [1].

    To sum up, in the last decade the Chinese telecom industry has changed from a state-run monopolistic structure to state-run “oligopolistic” structure.

    3. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

    The MII is responsible, among other duties, for elaborating regulations, allocating resources, granting licenses, supervising the competition, promoting  Research & Development (R&D) and service quality as well as of developing tariff rates [4] [7].  The MII has built up a nation-wide regulatory system composed of Provincial Telecommunications Administrations (PTA) with regulatory functions within their respective provinces. A number of other significant institutions also influence China’s telecom picture such as the State Development and Reform Commission (SDRC) [4].

    Following its WTO accession, China is accelerating the establishment of a legal framework for the telecom industry. This framework includes adopting a western-style Telecommunication Law and setting up an independent regulatory and arbitration body to deal with the telecom operators [2]. None of these objectives have been yet truly accomplished:

    On the one hand, Telecommunication regulations are still in an infant state. The Telecommunication Law is still expected to appear although the government promulgated the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Telecommunications Regulations in 2000 and the Regulations on Foreign Investment in Telecom Enterprises (See next section) in 2001[4].

    On the other hand, given the close relation between the MII and the state-owned Chinese telecom companies, the MII is far from being a truly independent telecom regulator. As an example, most senior executives of the Chinese telecom companies have links to the MII, the Government or the Party.

    Read the rest of this entry »





    Panorama de las Telecomunicaciones en China

    8 08 2009
    chinabinary

    Imagen tomada de Casa Asia

    Este artículo, que escribí en 2006, describe de una manera sencilla y precisa el mercado de las telecomunicaciones en China. La situación actual es un poco diferente en lo que refiere al mundo de Internet y al servicio “Xiaolingtong”, que prácticamente ha desaparecido, pero pocos cambios regulatorios han ocurrido desde 2006. EL artículo fue publicado en Casa Asia

    RESUMEN

    Este artículo ofrece una visión general sobre la industria de las telecomunicaciones en China y en la ex-colonia británica de Hong Kong.

    China se convirtió en 2002 en el mayor mercado de telecomunicaciones del mundo. Comprender la compleja y polifacética mecánica interna del cambiante y extremadamente competitivo escenario chino de las telecomunicaciones es esencial para un inversor extranjero en China.

    El antiguo monopolio del Estado ha dado paso a una oligarquía controlada por el propio Estado: China Telecom y China Netcom en el negocio de la línea fija, China Mobile y China Unicom en el sector móvil, así como dos actores secundarios, China Satcom y China Railcom.

    A raíz de la entrada de China en la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) en 2001, un nuevo régimen regulatorio está naciendo y comienza a permitirse gradualmente el acceso al mercado chino a los operadores internacionales.

    Tras los últimos años de crecimiento explosivo, la tendencia del mercado en 2006 es la estabilización de las tasas de crecimiento.

    1. INTRODUCCIÓN

    La tasa de crecimiento del sector chino de las telecomunicaciones fue aproximadamente del 20% entre 1997 y 2002. Esta tasa dobla el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) del país [1] y representa el crecimiento más rápido y fuerte a nivel mundial en este tipo de industria [2].

    Los operadores chinos móviles y de línea fija han invertido una media de 25 mil millones de dólares americanos [1] en infraestructura de red en los últimos años, es decir, más que el conjunto de todos los operadores juntos en Europa occidental [3]. En consecuencia, con 1300 millones de habitantes, China posee la mayor red móvil y fija del mundo tanto en términos de capacidad de red como en número de abonados [4].

    Sólo uno de cada diez ciudadanos chinos tenía teléfono hace cinco años; ahora, uno de cada tres está abonado a un número fijo y 1.25 millones de clientes se abonan al móvil cada semana. Dentro de cinco años, en China habrá entre fijo y móvil más de 1000 millones de abonados, es decir, más de tres veces la población entera de los Estados Unidos (EEUU) [3].

    La entrada de China en la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) el 11 de diciembre de 2001 ha dado como resultado la apertura gradual del mercado de los servicios de telecomunicación a las compañías extranjeras. Por otra parte, los Juegos Olímpicos de 2008 en Pekín crearán enormes posibilidades de negocio tanto para las empresas chinas como para las extranjeras [4].

    2. MARCO HISTÓRICO

    Hasta 1994, el Ministerio de Correos y Telecomunicaciones (MTP) proporcionaba servicios de telecomunicaciones por medio de su brazo operacional, China Telecom. Presionado por otros ministerios y por el descontento de los clientes, el gobierno chino emprendió la reforma de la industria de las telecomunicaciones en 1994 introduciendo un nuevo competidor: China Unicom. Sin embargo China Unicom era demasiado débil para competir con el gigante China Telecom [5].

    En 1998, debido a una reorganización ministerial, el MTP fue reemplazado por el nuevo Ministerio de la Industria de la Información (MII). El MII realizó dos reorganizaciones a gran escala sobre el ineficaz monopolio del Estado. En 1999, la primera reestructuración dividió el sector de actividad de China Telecom en tres partes (fijo, móvil y satélite). China Mobile y China Satcom fueron creadas para explotar, respectivamente, los sectores móvil y satélite; pero China Telecom siguió siendo un monopolio de servicios de línea fija. La segunda reestructuración, en 2002, dividió China Telecom geográficamente en Norte y Sur. China Telecom – Norte conservó el 30% de los recursos de red y formó China Netcom (CNC). El 70 % lo mantuvo China Telecom – Sur o simplemente la nueva China Telecom [5].

    Estos recursos consistían en una red óptica nacional de 2.200.000 km. de extensión [6] basada en las tecnologías ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) y DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) [3] y varios enlaces submarinos, especialmente con Estados Unidos, Japón, Alemania y Rusia.

    Paralelamente a esta doble fisión, la división de telecomunicaciones del Ministerio de Ferrocarriles (MOR) estableció un nuevo actor en 2000: China Railcom [1].

    De este modo, en los últimos 10 años la industria china de las telecomunicaciones ha pasado de ser un monopolio del Estado a una estructura “oligopolística” controlada por el propio Estado.

    Read the rest of this entry »








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